"What the hell is cloud computing?" Oracle chief executive Larry Ellison said during a diatribe against the whole concept at an investor Q&A in 2008.
Asked to describe his strategy for expanding into a then-small but rapidly expanding sphere, the software giant's head said he had no idea what people were talking about when they referred to cloud computing, describing it as "nonsensical" and those writing about it as "insane."
Five years after Ellison's rant went viral on YouTube, the billionaire is struggling to fit his ageing IT giant into a newly cloud-centric world - a hard scramble spotlighted by what analysts said was Oracle's first fourth-quarter miss on new software sales in a decade.
Its rivals have grown, winning business corporate and government customers seeking cloud-based software that is cheaper and faster-to-deploy than traditional offerings housed in massive in-house datacentres.
Oracle is now striving to catch up with its own line of cloud software, built up partly through acquisitions. Ellison has forged alliances with long-time bitter rivals Microsoft and Salesforce.com to drum up new business. On Thursday, Ellison said he will announce those partnerships next week, but provided few details.
Oracle stuck for years to building high-end multi-million dollar "engineered systems" that bundle hardware and software in one package. It started selling them with Hewlett-Packard in 2008 and then partnered with ailing computer maker Sun Microsystems, which it agreed to buy in 2009.
Oracle says the engineered systems strategy has been a big success, helping woo business rivals IBM and SAP.
"They spent the last four years focusing on engineered systems when the bigger industry trend was the cloud," JMP Securities analyst Pat Walravens said. "They now have a structural problem."
Oracle's shares plummeted 9.3% on Friday, their biggest one-day drop since releasing another weak set of results in March.
Investors took the disappointing results hard because it was the first time in more than a decade that Oracle missed software sales estimates in its traditionally strongest fiscal fourth-quarter, according to analysts. That's when sales representatives hustle to close deals to qualify for year-end bonuses.
And it was the third miss in the past seven quarters for Oracle, Walravens said.
Cloud companies such as Salesforce price their products below the levels at which Oracle can make a decent return, analysts say. Some rivals even sell their products at a loss. Salesforce, for example, posted a net loss of $270 million last year.
Less quantifiably, industry executives have said that emergent business software providers such as Workday started scratch by focusing on ease of use and simpler interfaces, while old-school IT giantsOracle have been hampered by legacy systems and software products that they were slow to re-tool.
"This is causing a real disruption in Oracle's business," said Tim Ghriskey, chief investment officer with Solaris Group, which manages about $1.5 billion. "It is going to pressure their business for a while."
Sailing along?
Ellison, a renowned sailing enthusiast who is now devoting time and energy to his company's entry in this summer's Americas Cup, built Oracle a scrappy operation building a database for the Central Intelligence Agency into one of Silicon Valley's foremost corporate icons.
In past months, he has championed Oracle's resurgent foray into cloud software, at his annual Oracle OpenWorld conference for clients and developers, even while continuing to buy up assets in Hawaii, such as commuter airline Island Air. He bought almostof the island of Lanai last year.
He and Oracle executives dispute the view that the company is failing in the cloud. They blamed their quarterly miss on the economy, particularly in Asia and Latin America, during a conference call on Thursday.
In the previous quarter, executives blamed disappointing software revenue on poor execution by its salesforce.
"Our success in the cloud is significant and undeniable," Oracle president Mark Hurd said on a Thursday conference call with analysts. He said Oracle had added 500 new customers during the quarter including eBay, Intuit and Yahoo.
Fred Hickey, editor of The High-Tech Strategist, a newsletter widely read by investors, said he does believe a bad economy was behind Oracle's rough quarter, pointing to problems in Brazil, China, India and Mexico and similar comments other old-guard tech giants including EMC, IBM and Hewlett-Packard.
Even up-and-coming cloud software provider Workday had mentioned "economic pressures" in its earnings conference call.
Other analysts said Oracle's installed user base - forged over decades in the business on a reputation of reliability - will be hard to displace in the short term.
"Does Oracle have pressure the cloud over time? Yes," said Hickey. "Is it imminent? No. They are too big and entrenched."
Cowen & Co analyst Peter Goldmacher, who describes 68-year-old Ellison as "the most brilliant enterprise software person ever," also said that Oracle's problems are structural. He believes there is little Ellison could have done to avoid the slowdown the company is now seeing.
Ellison has grown profits at a healthy clip over the past decade by acquiring other makers of software that customers run in their own data centres, selling customers software up front and then cajoling them into buying long-term maintenance contracts that are highly profitable for Oracle.
That business model does not work with cloud computing because companiesWorkDay and Salesforce do notge extra for maintenance. The cost of the software and support is combined into a single subscription fee, which generates far lower margins than the products Oracle has traditionally sold.
"The inevitable is the inevitable," Goldmacher said. "You can get as many tummy tucks and face lifts as you as want, but it doesn't make your heart and liver and kidneys any younger."
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